© 1995 Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved. The anatomical connections of the insular cortex (IC) clearly suggest that the brain region may play a role in integrating, and possibly in storing, visceral information. The nucleus solitarius receives heavy visceral input from the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve, as well as input from the area postrema, and the vestibular system. The fetal brain transplant technique has been widely used to produce functional behavioral recovery from brain injury in adult mammal brains. Thus, it has been established that the transplanted neurons can differentiate and make connections with the host brain. The cholinergic neurotransmitter system has been involved in learning and memory processes for a long time. Several studies have demonstrated that lesions affecting cholinergic innervation of the fimbria fornix produce severe impairments on different learning tasks. Until studies investigating the role of the IC in learning and memory processes focused primarily on taste-visceral memorial representation.